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Algebra Formulae

Algebra

Factors and expansions a, b real; n positive integer

(a ± b)² = a² ± 2ab + b²

(a ± b)³ = a³ ± 3a²b + 3ab² ± b³

(a ± b)4 = a4 ± 4a³b + 6a²b² ± 4ab³ + b4

a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)

a² + b² = (a - bi)(a + bi)

a³ - b³ = (a - b)(a² + ab + b²)

a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² - ab + b²)

a4 + b4 = (a² + 2½ab + b²)(a² - 2½ab + b²)

an - bn = (a - b)(an-1 + an-2b + ... + bn-1), for n even

an + bn = (a + b)(an-1 - an-2b - ... - bn-1), for n odd

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Powers and roots a > 0, b > 0, x, y real

axay = ax+y

ax / ay = ax-y

axbx = (ab)x

ax / bx = (a / b)x

a-x = 1 / ax

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Proportion

If a / b = c / d, then (a ± b) / b = (c ± d) / d, and (a - b) / (a + b) = (c - d) / (c + d)

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Common Irrational Numbers (includes the first 12 prime numbers)

To find the root of a number which is not prime – do a prime factorization of the number and multiply / exponentiate appropriately.

For example,

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Recommended Algebra Books

cover College Algebra (Schaum's Outlines)

    The classic algebra problem book - very light on theory, plenty of problems with full solutions, more problems with answers

 

cover Schaum's Easy Outline: College Algebra

    A simplified and updated version of the classic Schaum's Outline.   Not as complete as the previous book, but enough for most students

 

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